Part 1
M.S. is a 26-year-old woman who is pregnant with her first child. Her husband accompanied her to all her prenatal visits. An ultrasound during a routine visit at 34 weeks’ gestation revealed that the baby had hydrocephalus and a myelomeningocele. The parents were initially devastated but remained very excited about the birth of their first child. M.S. was scheduled for a cesarean section at 38 weeks’ gestation, and the couple was anxious about their child’s condition and care following birth.
M.S. delivered a baby boy by cesarean section; he was transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit. On admission to the nursery, the baby’s vital signs and weight were within normal limits, but his head circumference was large. He had bulging fontanelles and a high-pitched cry. The nurse noted a saclike projection in the lumbar region of his spine.
Provide responses to the below based on Part 1.
Part 2
Anna Bryant, a 65-year-old White female, is brought to the emergency department by her daughter, Pat. Ms. Bryant complains of right-sided weakness and a headache that started about 2 hours ago. Her daughter states she found her in bed early this morning and noticed she was having trouble speaking. Ms. Bryant has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, for which she takes metformin and rheumatoid arthritis, which she manages with naproxen. She used to smoke but quit 5 years ago. She does not drink alcohol or use illicit drugs.
Her vital signs are as follows: Temperature 99.0°F; heart rate 94 beats per minute and irregular; respirations 20 per minute; blood pressure 150/90 mmHg; pulse oximeter 95%. Upon assessment, Ms. Bryant is alert, but has trouble answering questions. Her speech is slurred, and she appears frightened.
Answer the following questions.
1. Based on her manifestations which cerebral artery is likely affected?
2. Which type of stroke is Ms. Bryant likely having?
3. Where in the brain is the lesion?
4. Based on her history and physical examination findings, what is a possible etiology for a stroke in Ms. Bryant?
5. This question is optional. What diagnostic tests should be ordered in the acute phase? Select all that apply.
6. This question is optional. What are treatment strategies for this acute stroke? Select all that apply.
Part 3
A 45-year-old Hispanic female, Ms. Rodriguez, presents to the clinic complaining of sudden onset headache. She states this headache is different from her previous migraine headaches. The headache pain is described as a 10 on a scale of 0–10 with 10 being the worst pain. The pain is nonradiating, and she has mild photophobia. She did not get relief with sumatriptan (Imitrex), which previously provided relief for her migraines. She feels nauseous and states she vomited twice.
Physical examination findings are as follows:
Answer the following questions or provide responses based on Part 3.