Consider a client who is a heavy/frequent tobacco user. Based on your readings, what Motivational Interviewing strategies would you use if the client was determined to be in the Precontemplation stage

Consider a client who is a heavy/frequent tobacco user. Based on your readings, what Motivational Interviewing strategies would you use if the client was determined to be in the Precontemplation stage of change? Contemplation? What about recommendations for the Action stage of change?

On a different topic, the field of addiction studies is becoming more and more scientifically based.  In the past, some practitioners relied on their own personal experience or that of their clients to guide them in their assessment and treatment efforts.  Now practitioners are being asked to use DSM 5 criteria for diagnosis as well as evidence-based practices–those that have been proven by research to be effective. To not use evidence-based practices opens one up to malpractice charges, disciplinary proceedings at the workplace or by a licensing board, funding cuts and most importantly–compromising client care.  The text cites research about effective treatment approaches with various substances of abuse.  How will you proceed with the treatment recommendations you make as part of your assessment if research suggests an approach that conflicts with your personal experience or viewpoints?

Reference : 

Required Text: Mack, A.H., Brady, K. T., Miller, S.I., & Frances, R. J. (2016). Clinical Textbookof Addictive Disorders (4th ed.). Guilford Press: New York.