Virtual Lab

Week 6 Respiratory System-Anatomy

Learning Objectives:

· Describe the gross anatomical features of the respiratory tract.

· Trace the flow of air into and out of the lungs.

· Explain how Boyle’s law relates to the changing intrapleural and alveolar air pressures and volumes during respiration.

· Define various pulmonary volumes.

Introduction:

The respiratory tract carries air to and from the lungs. Air drawn in through the nose or mouth passes through the pharynx and larynx and continues through the trachea, bronchial tree, and the lungs.

Inhalation relies on decreasing the pressure in the lungs below the atmospheric pressure to draw air in. Pressure in the lungs is decreased by increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity; The lungs move with the chest wall because the cavities which contain them are closed spaces. Each lung is protected by a double membrane called the pleural membrane.

We can assess a person’s lung function by performing spirometry which allows us to measure pulmonary volumes. Don’t hold your breath, let’s go learn about this essential system!

Assignment:

Part 1 Complete the activities in Anatomy.TV Respiratory System: Introduction, Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract, Pulmonary Ventilation, Lung Volumes and Capacities.

To access Anatomy.TV: Resources tab>Library>Library Resources-Database A-Z>Anatomy.TV>Titles: Choose Respiratory system>choose assigned sections

You will then work through the material and activities by scrolling down on the right. This will allow you to see and work through all activities for that section.

As you complete the lab activities, have the lab report ready to record data.

Part 2 Complete the lab report.

Respiratory Anatomy Lab Report

A. Anatomy

1. Identify the following structures by indicating which letter is indicating the structure in the image below: (¼ point per identification; total 1 ½ points)

Oropharynx

Nasopharynx

Palatine tonsil

Soft palate

Middle nasal conchae

H

GG

F

E

D

C

B

A

2. Label the following structures by indicating which letter they correspond to: (¼ point per identification; total 1 point)

Trachea

Larynx

Diaphragm

Left primary bronchi

A

E

D

C

B

3. Label the following structures by indicating which letter they correspond to in this image of the larynx:

thyroid cartilage

cricoid cartilage

epiglottis (1/2 point per identification; 1 ½ point total)

B

C

D

E

A

4. Identify the following by indicating the letter that corresponds to the structure. (1/2 point per identification; 3 points total)

Inferior lobe of the right lung

Apex of the right lung

Superior lobe of the right lung

Middle lobe of the right lung

Secondary (lobar) bronchi of the left lung

Tertiary (segmental) bronchi of the left lung

F

E

D

C

B

A

B. Pulmonary Ventilation

5. According to Boyle’s law, how are pressure and volume related, given a closed container? (1 point)

6. a. What happens to the volume of the thoracic cavity when the diaphragm contracts/flattens? (1 point)

b. How does this volume change affect the pressure in the thoracic cavity, and the flow of air? (1 point)

7. Describe the role of surfactant in the lungs. (1 point)

C. Lung Volumes and Capacities

8. Define tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume. (2 points)

9. Choose 4 of the blanks below to identify with the appropriate labels. (1/2 point per identification; 2 points total)

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

E

D

C

B

A

Grading Rubric for Lab Report